Ovarian cancer refers to a cell growth that arises in the ovaries. The cells can quickly multiply and can pierce through healthy biological tissue to destroy it.

The ovaries, which are each about the size of an almond, also produce the hormones progesterone and estrogen. Chemotherapy and surgery are two frequent treatments for ovarian cancer.

Symptoms
It's possible that ovarian cancer develops without showing any early signs. Usually, they are connected to other, more common illnesses. Symptoms and warnings of ovarian cancer can include:

• Abdominal bloating or swelling
• Feeling full right after after eating
• Weight loss
• Discomfort in the pelvic
• Fatigue
• Back pain
• Alterations in gastrointestinal patterns, including constipation
• A constant urge to urinate

Consult your doctor as soon as you notice any symptoms or signs.

Causes
Although there are factors that can raise the risk of developing the disease, the cause of ovarian cancer remains unknown. As far as medical professionals are aware, ovarian cancer starts when cells inside or close to the ovaries experience DNA alterations. They have the ability to spread (metastasize) to different body areas by invading neighboring tissues and separating from an initial tumor.

Ovarian cancer types:
Your ovarian cancer type and the best treatments for you will be determined by the type of cell that the cancer first appears in. Types of ovarian cancer include:

1. Epithelial ovarian cancer: The most typical form of ovarian cancer. Two of its numerous kinds are serous carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma.
2. Stromal tumors: These uncommon tumors are typically discovered earlier in the course of the disease than other ovarian malignancies.
3. Germ cell tumors: These uncommon ovarian malignancies typically manifest in younger patients.

Risk factors
Factors that can increase your risk of ovarian cancer include:
- Old age
- Modifications in inherited genes
- Familial ovarian cancer history
- Being obese or overweight
- Hormone replacement therapy after menopause
- Endometriosis
- The age at which menstruation began and ceased
- Never having given birth

Prevention
Ovarian cancer cannot be entirely avoided. However, there might be measures to lower your risk:

• Consider using birth control pills. Consult your doctor about if oral contraceptives, sometimes known as birth control pills, are good for you. The risk of ovarian cancer is lower when birth control tablets are used. However, given your circumstances, talk about whether the hazards of these medications outweigh the advantages.
• Discuss your risk factors with your doctor. Inform your doctor if you have a family history of breast and ovarian cancer. What this might entail for your own risk of developing cancer can be determined by your doctor. A genetic counselor may be recommended to you who can assist you in determining whether genetic testing may be appropriate for you. In order to lower your risk of developing ovarian cancer, you might think about having your ovaries surgically removed.

Reference:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20375941